|
1.
Sending
Village Survey a)
Lower gender
ratio, literacy rates, limited options for earning a living, low
percentage of irrigated farm land, lack of industrialisation, are all
parameters that show the relative backwardness of the survey area. b)
Many of the
villages are lacking in civic facilities especially pucca
roads inside villages. c)
Transport,
telephone and water supply are also not available to may villages. d)
Of 165 villages only 65 have upper primary and 5
have high schools. 2.
Household
Survey of Migrating Families a)
The surveyed
sample belongs to same geographical area, has same caste / community
religion profile as families of Sending Villages.
b)
This sample
has lower gender ratio, lower educational levels, than overall sending
village parameters. c)
No available
alternatives to farming or labour work. d)
Farming not
remunerative because of lack of irrigation. e)
Migration
for sugarcane cutting is an opportunity not a misfortune and is a well
established tradition. f)
As many
adult members as possible will migrate as remuneration is proportionate to
labour offered. g)
A negative
correlation is found (-0.55) between number of families in a village and
extent of migration from the village. Factors of educational
significance - h)
Numbers of
children of different age groups staying back in village indicate that
they stay back in order to continue schooling - especially children in
6-10 years and 11-14 years age group. i)
Higher
numbers of migrating children belong to- a)
pre school
age group. b)
girls older
than 9-10 years of age. j)
This desire to continue children's education is
reflected in responses to questions about problems faced during migration,
problems regarding schooling in village, expectations from the local
schools and reasons given for individuals who do not migrate. k)
Parents cannot assess quality of schooling.
Availability and accessibility is their concern. l)
Destinations
of migration have not changed over 3 years.
Neither have families worked for different Mukadams in the last
three years. 3.
Mukadam
survey a)
Mukadams
have been or still are sugarcane cutters.
Hence show understanding and empathy for migrants. b)
The
lending-borrowing transaction with migrating families ensures long term
relationships between mukadams and workers. c)
Many
mukadams belong to the same area or are related to families - reported
verbally by surveyors. d)
Mukadams do not report indifference to education of their children
on the part of sugarcane cutters. e)
They express need to make adequate educational
facilities available to migrating families. f)
Express need
for compensation for accident victims and for providing water and
electricity at destination sites. 4.
Village
Education Survey Many villages do not have
upper primary and high schools. a)
Schools meet
government norms but government norms are inadequate in educationally
impoverished areas. b)
Some
teachers report lack of educational facilities. c)
Some
teachers report bad physical conditions of schools. d)
Teachers
report lack of co-operation, indifference ignorance of parents. However this is a function of parents poverty and reporting
of teachers may reflect their own lack of morale. e)
Teachers
living conditions are unsatisfactory. f)
Percentages of children absent from school during second terms
falls with children's age from Std I to IV.
This supports the finding that parents wish to leave children
behind to continue schooling and do so if it is possible. 5.
Children's
opinions Children like their schools
and their teachers and very few report negative feelings about them.
Mention is made of teachers when they use play way methods showing that these
are appreciated by the children. However,
teachers using such methods are few in number.
|